Apparently, using BASIC in 2024 is considered childish, so I decided to port the special relativity two-dimensional length contraction simulation over to Python. It’s been a few years since I last used Python (except for running a few scripts here and there, or writing stuff for the Raspberry Pi). The only languages I’d ever used for graphical stuff were BASIC and Matlab (or shoving something into IDL using a C wrapper to visualise three-dimensional arrays produced in Fortran 90). I’ve done other sorts of coding with Python, such as writing routines to model the slip dissolution mechanism of stress corrosion cracking, where the stresses were modelled using a finite element analysis tool called Code_Aster and visualised using Salome_Meca. When it comes to writing games, or doing anything graphical where a bit more freedom was needed to just draw lines, my goto language was BASIC (goto pun intended).
I decided to get ChatGPT to teach me how to use Pygame. But before I started using Pygame, I had to clear up some issues I had with Python. Coding has moved on since the days of BASIC, particularly when it comes to data structures. I asked ChatGPT:
I am a BASIC programmer. Please explain to me like I’m an idiot what a class is
ChatGPT gave some waffle about how classes are templates that create objects, grouping related attributes and methods into a single reusable unit. Nope, I’m baffled. How can an object contain variables and functions at the same time? My simple BASIC brain cannot comprehend this idea. What’s an object in Python anyway? For that matter, what’s an attribute? What’s a method? Are methods functions? Are attributes variables? Life was much simpler when there were constants, variables, functions, and subroutines. What was __init__, and why did it need two underscores at the start and end? Why both with the self parameter if it is always needed? What’s a dunder?
I finally got my head around it, but decided not to bother with classes because it seemed like an unnecessary complication. In my head I knew what I wanted to create, and adding an extra step to make the code more readable to someone else seemed unnecessary. The more I read about classes, the more irritated I got.
After that initial frustration with Python, I decided what I needed were a few BASIC tools translated over to Python. I needed:
- The use of multi-dimensional arrays
- The ability to draw lines
- The ability to get input from the keyboard
So I asked ChatGPT, how do I use arrays, like I easily can in BASIC, in Python. It told me not to use arrays, but to use lists, which are more common. No, I want to use arrays.
“But lists are highly versatile and can store elements of different data types,” ChatGPT protested. No. I want arrays. So ChatGPT told me I can use arrays, but only if I import the array module. What? Why isn’t it built in by default? I have to manually import the ability use arrays?
Oh, it gets better, because ChatGPT then told me that I can do more advanced numerical operations on arrays by importing the numpy module. Fair enough, I’ll use numpy then.
Pygame, it turned out, was pretty simple to use and fast enough that a simple screen-clear between each screen before flipping the screens was good enough. There are, I am sure, some very sophisticated things I can do with pygame, but I just wanted to port my BASIC code straight over. It turns out that wasn’t difficult.
I was pleased to see I didn’t have to define pi, but frustrated that I had to import math(s) before I could do cosines and sines. I was pleased the atan2 function was there though. Still, I am not sure where that stuff needs to be important specially. It seems odd to me.
The keyboard input handling of pygame is significantly better than on BASIC, and things do run faster (although I believe that is just because I was running BASIC in Dosbox). I’m sure I’ll be able to do better stuff with pygame when I figure out sprites, using it for sound or for better graphics. None of that was necessary for this simple project.
It took a few hours of tinkering, not long really, to transfer the code from BASIC to Python, but here we are. One bit that I’m not happy with is the DATA – READ equivalent in Python. Apparently, there isn’t one, but I suppose I could import the shape data somehow from a file, which would tidy the code up a bit.
If you want to run the code below, the keyboard shortcuts are:
- Q: Quit
- P: Pause
- Up: Go faster
- Down: Go slower
- Left: Increase anticlockwise angular velocity
- Right: Decrease anticlockwise angular velocity
- F: Change angular velocity to zero
- H: Change speed to zero
- O: Show unwarped shapes
- S: Toggle between shapes to view
- V: Shift from first person to third person (incorrect) view
Here are some screenshots of the code running:
“Python” Code (click here to show)
import math
import numpy
import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import * # No idea what this does, but you need it for QUIT
def initialise_shape_arrays(shapepoint, shapeis):
if shapeis == 1:
shapepoint[0, 0, 0] = 1
shapepoint[0, 1, 0] = 106
shapepoint[0, 2, 0] = 106
shapepoint[0, 3, 0] = 1
shapepoint[0, 4, 0] = 1
shapepoint[1, 0, 0] = 161
shapepoint[1, 1, 0] = 266
shapepoint[1, 2, 0] = 266
shapepoint[1, 3, 0] = 161
shapepoint[1, 4, 0] = 161
shapepoint[2, 0, 0] = 321
shapepoint[2, 1, 0] = 426
shapepoint[2, 2, 0] = 426
shapepoint[2, 3, 0] = 321
shapepoint[2, 4, 0] = 321
shapepoint[3, 0, 0] = 481
shapepoint[3, 1, 0] = 586
shapepoint[3, 2, 0] = 586
shapepoint[3, 3, 0] = 481
shapepoint[3, 4, 0] = 481
shapepoint[4, 0, 0] = 1
shapepoint[4, 1, 0] = 106
shapepoint[4, 2, 0] = 106
shapepoint[4, 3, 0] = 1
shapepoint[4, 4, 0] = 1
shapepoint[5, 0, 0] = 161
shapepoint[5, 1, 0] = 266
shapepoint[5, 2, 0] = 266
shapepoint[5, 3, 0] = 161
shapepoint[5, 4, 0] = 161
shapepoint[6, 0, 0] = 321
shapepoint[6, 1, 0] = 426
shapepoint[6, 2, 0] = 426
shapepoint[6, 3, 0] = 321
shapepoint[6, 4, 0] = 321
shapepoint[7, 0, 0] = 481
shapepoint[7, 1, 0] = 586
shapepoint[7, 2, 0] = 586
shapepoint[7, 3, 0] = 481
shapepoint[7, 4, 0] = 481
shapepoint[8, 0, 0] = 1
shapepoint[8, 1, 0] = 106
shapepoint[8, 2, 0] = 106
shapepoint[8, 3, 0] = 1
shapepoint[8, 4, 0] = 1
shapepoint[9, 0, 0] = 161
shapepoint[9, 1, 0] = 266
shapepoint[9, 2, 0] = 266
shapepoint[9, 3, 0] = 161
shapepoint[9, 4, 0] = 161
shapepoint[10, 0, 0] = 321
shapepoint[10, 1, 0] = 426
shapepoint[10, 2, 0] = 426
shapepoint[10, 3, 0] = 321
shapepoint[10, 4, 0] = 321
shapepoint[11, 0, 0] = 481
shapepoint[11, 1, 0] = 586
shapepoint[11, 2, 0] = 586
shapepoint[11, 3, 0] = 481
shapepoint[11, 4, 0] = 481
shapepoint[12, 0, 0] = 1
shapepoint[12, 1, 0] = 106
shapepoint[12, 2, 0] = 106
shapepoint[12, 3, 0] = 1
shapepoint[12, 4, 0] = 1
shapepoint[13, 0, 0] = 161
shapepoint[13, 1, 0] = 266
shapepoint[13, 2, 0] = 266
shapepoint[13, 3, 0] = 161
shapepoint[13, 4, 0] = 161
shapepoint[14, 0, 0] = 321
shapepoint[14, 1, 0] = 426
shapepoint[14, 2, 0] = 426
shapepoint[14, 3, 0] = 321
shapepoint[14, 4, 0] = 321
shapepoint[15, 0, 0] = 481
shapepoint[15, 1, 0] = 586
shapepoint[15, 2, 0] = 586
shapepoint[15, 3, 0] = 481
shapepoint[15, 4, 0] = 481
shapepoint[0, 0, 1] = 1
shapepoint[0, 1, 1] = 1
shapepoint[0, 2, 1] = 80
shapepoint[0, 3, 1] = 80
shapepoint[0, 4, 1] = 1
shapepoint[1, 0, 1] = 1
shapepoint[1, 1, 1] = 1
shapepoint[1, 2, 1] = 80
shapepoint[1, 3, 1] = 80
shapepoint[1, 4, 1] = 1
shapepoint[2, 0, 1] = 1
shapepoint[2, 1, 1] = 1
shapepoint[2, 2, 1] = 80
shapepoint[2, 3, 1] = 80
shapepoint[2, 4, 1] = 1
shapepoint[3, 0, 1] = 1
shapepoint[3, 1, 1] = 1
shapepoint[3, 2, 1] = 80
shapepoint[3, 3, 1] = 80
shapepoint[3, 4, 1] = 1
shapepoint[4, 0, 1] = 121
shapepoint[4, 1, 1] = 121
shapepoint[4, 2, 1] = 200
shapepoint[4, 3, 1] = 200
shapepoint[4, 4, 1] = 121
shapepoint[5, 0, 1] = 121
shapepoint[5, 1, 1] = 121
shapepoint[5, 2, 1] = 200
shapepoint[5, 3, 1] = 200
shapepoint[5, 4, 1] = 121
shapepoint[6, 0, 1] = 121
shapepoint[6, 1, 1] = 121
shapepoint[6, 2, 1] = 200
shapepoint[6, 3, 1] = 200
shapepoint[6, 4, 1] = 121
shapepoint[7, 0, 1] = 121
shapepoint[7, 1, 1] = 121
shapepoint[7, 2, 1] = 200
shapepoint[7, 3, 1] = 200
shapepoint[7, 4, 1] = 121
shapepoint[8, 0, 1] = 241
shapepoint[8, 1, 1] = 241
shapepoint[8, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 4, 1] = 241
shapepoint[9, 0, 1] = 241
shapepoint[9, 1, 1] = 241
shapepoint[9, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 4, 1] = 241
shapepoint[10, 0, 1] = 241
shapepoint[10, 1, 1] = 241
shapepoint[10, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 4, 1] = 241
shapepoint[11, 0, 1] = 241
shapepoint[11, 1, 1] = 241
shapepoint[11, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 4, 1] = 241
shapepoint[12, 0, 1] = 361
shapepoint[12, 1, 1] = 361
shapepoint[12, 2, 1] = 440
shapepoint[12, 3, 1] = 440
shapepoint[12, 4, 1] = 361
shapepoint[13, 0, 1] = 361
shapepoint[13, 1, 1] = 361
shapepoint[13, 2, 1] = 440
shapepoint[13, 3, 1] = 440
shapepoint[13, 4, 1] = 361
shapepoint[14, 0, 1] = 361
shapepoint[14, 1, 1] = 361
shapepoint[14, 2, 1] = 440
shapepoint[14, 3, 1] = 440
shapepoint[14, 4, 1] = 361
shapepoint[15, 0, 1] = 361
shapepoint[15, 1, 1] = 361
shapepoint[15, 2, 1] = 440
shapepoint[15, 3, 1] = 440
shapepoint[15, 4, 1] = 361
else:
shapepoint[0, 0, 0] = 240
shapepoint[0, 1, 0] = 250
shapepoint[0, 2, 0] = 260
shapepoint[0, 3, 0] = 270
shapepoint[0, 4, 0] = 280
shapepoint[1, 0, 0] = 280
shapepoint[1, 1, 0] = 290
shapepoint[1, 2, 0] = 300
shapepoint[1, 3, 0] = 310
shapepoint[1, 4, 0] = 320
shapepoint[2, 0, 0] = 320
shapepoint[2, 1, 0] = 330
shapepoint[2, 2, 0] = 340
shapepoint[2, 3, 0] = 350
shapepoint[2, 4, 0] = 360
shapepoint[3, 0, 0] = 360
shapepoint[3, 1, 0] = 370
shapepoint[3, 2, 0] = 380
shapepoint[3, 3, 0] = 390
shapepoint[3, 4, 0] = 400
shapepoint[4, 0, 0] = 400
shapepoint[4, 1, 0] = 400
shapepoint[4, 2, 0] = 400
shapepoint[4, 3, 0] = 400
shapepoint[4, 4, 0] = 400
shapepoint[5, 0, 0] = 400
shapepoint[5, 1, 0] = 400
shapepoint[5, 2, 0] = 400
shapepoint[5, 3, 0] = 400
shapepoint[5, 4, 0] = 400
shapepoint[6, 0, 0] = 400
shapepoint[6, 1, 0] = 400
shapepoint[6, 2, 0] = 400
shapepoint[6, 3, 0] = 400
shapepoint[6, 4, 0] = 400
shapepoint[7, 0, 0] = 400
shapepoint[7, 1, 0] = 400
shapepoint[7, 2, 0] = 400
shapepoint[7, 3, 0] = 400
shapepoint[7, 4, 0] = 400
shapepoint[8, 0, 0] = 240
shapepoint[8, 1, 0] = 250
shapepoint[8, 2, 0] = 260
shapepoint[8, 3, 0] = 270
shapepoint[8, 4, 0] = 280
shapepoint[9, 0, 0] = 280
shapepoint[9, 1, 0] = 290
shapepoint[9, 2, 0] = 300
shapepoint[9, 3, 0] = 310
shapepoint[9, 4, 0] = 320
shapepoint[10, 0, 0] = 320
shapepoint[10, 1, 0] = 330
shapepoint[10, 2, 0] = 340
shapepoint[10, 3, 0] = 350
shapepoint[10, 4, 0] = 360
shapepoint[11, 0, 0] = 360
shapepoint[11, 1, 0] = 370
shapepoint[11, 2, 0] = 380
shapepoint[11, 3, 0] = 390
shapepoint[11, 4, 0] = 400
shapepoint[12, 0, 0] = 240
shapepoint[12, 1, 0] = 240
shapepoint[12, 2, 0] = 240
shapepoint[12, 3, 0] = 240
shapepoint[12, 4, 0] = 240
shapepoint[13, 0, 0] = 240
shapepoint[13, 1, 0] = 240
shapepoint[13, 2, 0] = 240
shapepoint[13, 3, 0] = 240
shapepoint[13, 4, 0] = 240
shapepoint[14, 0, 0] = 240
shapepoint[14, 1, 0] = 240
shapepoint[14, 2, 0] = 240
shapepoint[14, 3, 0] = 240
shapepoint[14, 4, 0] = 240
shapepoint[15, 0, 0] = 240
shapepoint[15, 1, 0] = 240
shapepoint[15, 2, 0] = 240
shapepoint[15, 3, 0] = 240
shapepoint[15, 4, 0] = 240
shapepoint[0, 0, 1] = 160
shapepoint[0, 1, 1] = 160
shapepoint[0, 2, 1] = 160
shapepoint[0, 3, 1] = 160
shapepoint[0, 4, 1] = 160
shapepoint[1, 0, 1] = 160
shapepoint[1, 1, 1] = 160
shapepoint[1, 2, 1] = 160
shapepoint[1, 3, 1] = 160
shapepoint[1, 4, 1] = 160
shapepoint[2, 0, 1] = 160
shapepoint[2, 1, 1] = 160
shapepoint[2, 2, 1] = 160
shapepoint[2, 3, 1] = 160
shapepoint[2, 4, 1] = 160
shapepoint[3, 0, 1] = 160
shapepoint[3, 1, 1] = 160
shapepoint[3, 2, 1] = 160
shapepoint[3, 3, 1] = 160
shapepoint[3, 4, 1] = 160
shapepoint[4, 0, 1] = 160
shapepoint[4, 1, 1] = 170
shapepoint[4, 2, 1] = 180
shapepoint[4, 3, 1] = 190
shapepoint[4, 4, 1] = 200
shapepoint[5, 0, 1] = 200
shapepoint[5, 1, 1] = 210
shapepoint[5, 2, 1] = 220
shapepoint[5, 3, 1] = 230
shapepoint[5, 4, 1] = 240
shapepoint[6, 0, 1] = 240
shapepoint[6, 1, 1] = 250
shapepoint[6, 2, 1] = 260
shapepoint[6, 3, 1] = 270
shapepoint[6, 4, 1] = 280
shapepoint[7, 0, 1] = 280
shapepoint[7, 1, 1] = 290
shapepoint[7, 2, 1] = 300
shapepoint[7, 3, 1] = 310
shapepoint[7, 4, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 0, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 1, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[8, 4, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 0, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 1, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[9, 4, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 0, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 1, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[10, 4, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 0, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 1, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 2, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 3, 1] = 320
shapepoint[11, 4, 1] = 320
shapepoint[12, 0, 1] = 160
shapepoint[12, 1, 1] = 170
shapepoint[12, 2, 1] = 180
shapepoint[12, 3, 1] = 190
shapepoint[12, 4, 1] = 200
shapepoint[13, 0, 1] = 200
shapepoint[13, 1, 1] = 210
shapepoint[13, 2, 1] = 220
shapepoint[13, 3, 1] = 230
shapepoint[13, 4, 1] = 240
shapepoint[14, 0, 1] = 240
shapepoint[14, 1, 1] = 250
shapepoint[14, 2, 1] = 260
shapepoint[14, 3, 1] = 270
shapepoint[14, 4, 1] = 280
shapepoint[15, 0, 1] = 280
shapepoint[15, 1, 1] = 290
shapepoint[15, 2, 1] = 300
shapepoint[15, 3, 1] = 310
shapepoint[15, 4, 1] = 320
return shapepoint
def gamma(speedis):
if speedis < 3E8:
return 1 / math.sqrt(1 - (speedis/3E8)**2)
else:
return 3E38
def distancetovertex(xposition, yposition, xvertex, yvertex):
return math.sqrt((xvertex-xposition)**2+(yvertex-yposition)**2)
def speed(xvelocity, yvelocity):
return math.sqrt(xvelocity**2+yvelocity**2)
def printtoscreen(message,x ,y):
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 24)
text = font.render(message, True, (255,255,255))
screen.blit(text, (x,y))
def drawshapes(shapepointer,colour):
for shapenumber in range(0,16):
for vertex in range(0, 4):
pygame.draw.line(screen, colour, (shapepointer[shapenumber, vertex,0],shapepointer[shapenumber, vertex,1]),(shapepointer[shapenumber, vertex+1,0],shapepointer[shapenumber, vertex+1,1]),2)
def cls():
screen.fill((0,0,0)) # clears the screen
def drawship(x, y, angle):
point1x = x
point1y = y
rotpoint2x = 5*math.cos(angle) - 20*math.sin(angle)
rotpoint2y = 5*math.sin(angle) + 20*math.cos(angle)
rotpoint3x = -5*math.cos(angle) - 20*math.sin(angle)
rotpoint3y = -5*math.sin(angle) + 20*math.cos(angle)
point2x = x + rotpoint2x
point2y = y + rotpoint2y
point3x = x + rotpoint3x
point3y = y + rotpoint3y
pygame.draw.line(screen, (255,0,255), (point1x,point1y),(point2x,point2y),2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (255,0,255), (point1x,point1y),(point3x,point3y),2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (255,0,255), (point2x,point2y),(point3x,point3y),2)
# Main part
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480),pygame.FULLSCREEN | pygame.SCALED)
pygame.display.set_caption("Length Contraction Simulator") # Doesn't do anything on Crostini
#shapepoint = numpy.zeros((16,5,2))
#shapepoint = initialise_shape_arrays(shapepoint)
#pygame.display.flip()
# Dimension variables
xvelocity = 0
yvelocity = 0
speedmove = 0
xposition = 295
yposition = 220
angularvelocity = 0
perspective = 1
shapetoview = 1
vieworiginal = 1
directiontovelocity = 0
delayvalue = 30
shapepoint = numpy.zeros((16,5,2))
shapepoint = initialise_shape_arrays(shapepoint,shapetoview)
transformedshapepoint = numpy.zeros((16,5,2))
transformedshapepoint = initialise_shape_arrays(transformedshapepoint,shapetoview)
vieworiginalshapepoint = numpy.zeros((16,5,2))
down = 0
up = 0
left = 0
right = 0
looping = 1
while looping == 1: # This is an infinite do loop
#shapepoint = initialise_shape_arrays(shapepoint)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_s:
if shapetoview == 1:
shapetoview = 3
if shapetoview == 2:
shapetoview = 1
if shapetoview == 3:
shapetoview = 2
shapepoint = initialise_shape_arrays(shapepoint,shapetoview)
if event.key == K_p:
pausingloop = 0
printtoscreen("PAUSED",570,0)
pygame.display.flip()
while pausingloop == 0:
for event2 in pygame.event.get():
if event2.type == KEYDOWN:
if event2.key == K_p:
pausingloop = 1
if event2.key == K_q:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.key == K_PLUS:
delayvalue = delayvalue - 10
if delayvalue < 0:
delayvalue = 0
if event.key == K_EQUALS:
delayvalue = delayvalue - 10
if delayvalue < 0:
delayvalue = 0
if event.key == K_MINUS:
delayvalue = delayvalue + 10
if event.key == K_LEFT:
left = 1
if event.key == K_RIGHT:
right = 1
if event.key == K_UP:
up = 1
if event.key == K_DOWN:
down = 1
if event.key == K_q:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.key == K_f:
left = 0
right = 0
angularvelocity = 0
if event.key == K_h:
speedmove = 0
up = 0
down = 0
if event.key == K_o:
if vieworiginal == 1:
vieworiginal = 2
if vieworiginal == 0:
vieworiginal = 1
if vieworiginal == 2:
vieworiginal = 0
if event.key == K_v:
if perspective == 1:
perspective = 2
if perspective == 3:
perspective = 1
if perspective == 2:
perspective = 3
elif event.type == KEYUP:
if event.key == K_LEFT:
left = 0
#angularvelocity = angularvelocity - math.pi / 256
if event.key == K_RIGHT:
right = 0
#angularvelocity = angularvelocity + math.pi / 256
if event.key == K_UP:
up = 0
#speedmove = speedmove + 1E7
#if speedmove >= 299999999:
# speedmove = 299999999
if event.key == K_DOWN:
down = 0
#speedmove = speedmove - 1E7
#if speedmove <= -299999999:
# speedmove = -299999999
if up == 1:
speedmove = speedmove + 5E6
if speedmove >= 299999999:
speedmove = 299999999
if down == 1:
speedmove = speedmove - 5E6
if speedmove <= -299999999:
speedmove = -299999999
if left == 1:
angularvelocity = angularvelocity - math.pi / 4096
if right == 1:
angularvelocity = angularvelocity + math.pi / 4096
directiontovelocity = directiontovelocity + angularvelocity
if directiontovelocity > 2 * math.pi:
directiontovelocity = directiontovelocity - 2*math.pi
if directiontovelocity < 0:
directiontovelocity = directiontovelocity + 2*math.pi
xvelocity = speedmove * math.sin(directiontovelocity+math.pi/2)
yvelocity = speedmove * math.cos(directiontovelocity+math.pi/2)
xposition = xposition - yvelocity / 5E7
yposition = yposition - xvelocity / 5E7
if xposition < 10:
xposition = 630
if xposition > 630:
xposition = 10
if yposition < 10:
yposition = 470
if yposition > 470:
yposition = 10
for shapenumber in range(16):
for vertex in range(5):
directiontovertex = math.atan2(shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,1]-yposition,shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,0]-xposition)
resolutionangle = directiontovertex - directiontovelocity
speedtovertex = speedmove * math.sin(resolutionangle)
gammatovertex = gamma(speedtovertex)
contracteddistancetovertex = distancetovertex(xposition, yposition, shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,0], shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,1]) / gammatovertex
if perspective == 3:
transformedshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 0] = xposition + contracteddistancetovertex * math.cos(directiontovertex)
transformedshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 1] = yposition + contracteddistancetovertex * math.sin(directiontovertex)
vieworiginalshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 0] = shapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 0]
vieworiginalshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 1] = shapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 1]
else:
transformedshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 0] = 295 + contracteddistancetovertex * math.cos(resolutionangle)
transformedshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 1] = 220 + contracteddistancetovertex * math.sin(resolutionangle)
vieworiginalshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 0] = 295 + distancetovertex(xposition, yposition, shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,0],shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,1]) * math.cos(resolutionangle)
vieworiginalshapepoint[shapenumber, vertex, 1] = 220 + distancetovertex(xposition, yposition, shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,0],shapepoint[shapenumber,vertex,1]) * math.sin(resolutionangle)
cls()
if perspective == 3:
drawship(xposition, yposition, directiontovelocity)
else:
drawship(295,220,0)
if vieworiginal==1:
drawshapes(vieworiginalshapepoint,(128,128,128))
drawshapes(transformedshapepoint,(255,255,0))
printtoscreen("Speed = "+str("{:.2E}".format(speedmove)),0,0)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.delay(delayvalue) # 0.01s pause
Reminder: Weekly Live Tuition Sessions!
SUNDAY 11th January
GCSE Physics 9:30am – 10:20am Infrared radiation A-Level Physics 10:30am – 11:20am Measurement of specific charge GCSE Astronomy 11:30am – 12:20pm Exploring the moon If you wish to enrol on the tuition sessions and haven’t yet, then click enrol below
Physics with Keith 
One thought on “You want me to use Python? Fine. I’ll use Python.”